Joseohines Influence on the great Napoleon essays

Joseohines Influence on the incomparable Napoleon expositions A young lady by the name of Josephine Rose-Marie Tascher showed up in France from the tropical island of Martinique amidst the best political and social up hurling. With her intrinsic beauty and appeal she made sure about herself a place of noticeable quality that empowered her to catch the friendship of Napoleon Bonaparte a best in class French mounted guns official from Island of Creole (www.geocities.com/Paris/Parc.html). This was the start of one of chronicles generally enthusiastic and unprecedented relationships. Napoleon in a flash began to look all starry eyed at Josephine and they wedded on March 8, 1776. The marriage of Josephine and the incomparable Napoleon was one of choppiness, yet Josephine greatly affected his choices and his ascent to power and distinction. Josephine was a good and affable individual with a high economic wellbeing which helped to Napoleon and his progressions. Inwardly, Napoleon was influenced incredibly by Josephine both straightforwardly and by imp lication. Josephine's effect on Napoleon's feelings was significant in the manner that it influenced his choices and activities. Likewise, Josephine was a keen and shrewd lady whose assessments were of incredible incentive to Napoleon and he regularly thought about them when settling on critical choices. Socially, Josephine greatly affected Napoleon's headways and his accomplishment in numerous everyday issues. At an early stage in the marriage Napoleon found how valuable Josephine could be to sending his situation in the public eye and in the military. He regularly made her his backer, taking her along when he went to solicit a significant kindness from somebody (Erickson 132). She would frequently talk for his benefit since her exceptional social abilities, genial character (Cartland 104), and due to her high economic wellbeing that she got from her first husband1. Strikingly, it was Josephine who in the winter of 1795 solicited that Napoleon be provided order from the Italian armed force (Erickson 132). Sure enough soon after her... <!

The Nature of Lucy Essay Example For Students

The Nature of Lucy Essay William Wordsworth is a loved sentimental artist who accepted that the importance of sentimentalism is best shown when utilizing regular day to day existence occasions and recognizable discourse. Wordsworths express love of nature and dominance of the language permitted him to bring such feeling and force into every sonnet without the utilization of advanced words, which he accepts removes the impact of what is attempting to be said. His expectations were with the end goal that any man fit for perusing, accomplished or not, could feel these feelings and completely comprehend his anticipated messages. He drops to the earth, for once, the only things that are in any way important of-factness of which Coleridge whined (Internet Bartleby). (Coleridge didn't look to nature the way Wordsworth did).Wordsworth best shows his affection for nature all through his eminent Lucy Poems. In these sonnets Lucy is viewed as an offspring of nature. She is unadulterated like the earth and has been thou ght about ordinarily since her tenderest years, Nature pledged to make her very own Lady (Bartleby). Wordsworth appears to accept that her passing was a demonstration of destiny, with Nature being so enamored with her that it needed to take her back from the Earth. Nature fills in as a vitalizing, motivating power in all Wordsworths works. As indicated by Wordsworth People are at their best when near the wonder and riddle of nature. (Web Anonymous 1 )The mentality toward Nature in the writing of all ages might be tried in two different ways: by what is stated, and by what is left implied, and of these the second is maybe the more critical (Reynolds 7). The discarded data of the character and age, and the acknowledgment of Lucy has astounded pundits since the distributions of these Lucy Poems. Maybe this is the thing that has kept perusers so intrigued and pundits so puzzled. She is believed to be Wordsworths dream or his sweetheart, and to some she is accepted to be a relative who h e held exceptionally near his heart. He (Wordsworth) accepted that it was particularly in the language of nature that man could know extreme certainties. These realities exist together both in the human brain and in the profundity of things, however infrequently become comprehensible in direct intuition.(Perkins 92) The psyche of man is normally the reflection of the most attractive and most fascinating properties of nature (Stallknecht 46). Each man has some information on nature, so every man ought to have the option to decipher what Wordsworth is stating. In any case, it is the manner in which the psyche works and the distinction in understandings that is interesting.One Critic guaranteed: She might be connected to the wild kid of Tintern Abbey, who was lost when the storyteller left Nature and youth to turn into a grown-up (Internet Anonymous 2 ). Her profound quality is the more noteworthy, since it unites two beyond reconciliation thoughts Lucys excellence and the ineluctable certainty of her passing, even more in conceivable on the off chance that it should happen in her childhood (Beer 96). Whatever the connection or age, his adoration for Lucy appears so strikingly all through every one of these sonnets that the peruser can feel it. Lucy is translated the same number of various individuals and items, however just Wordsworth will know the genuine personality. Lucy Gray, Strange Fits of Passion Have I Known, She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways, I Traveled Among Unknown Men, Three Years She Grew in Sun and Shower, and A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal are the six sonnets known as The Lucy Poems. A procedure appeared to emerge as the sonnets were perused arranged by their distributions. Beginning from the evening of her accepted demise, Wordsworth gives a portrayal of her life. He composes on what her identity was up to his assessment of her purpose behind death. He at that point communicates his responses to the death of his darling Lucy. In what manner can one appropriately depict the demise of a little youngster who has lived near the virtuoso of nature? (Lager 95)Many pundits have examined these sonnets, and huge numbers of similar ends have come to emerge. Wordsworth carries nature from the Earth to the Heavens in his sonnet She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways. .ufc2ba9d9924dbcea31e5ef015ce8de6f , .ufc2ba9d9924dbcea31e5ef015ce8de6f .postImageUrl , .ufc2ba9d9924dbcea31e5ef015ce8de6f .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .ufc2ba9d9924dbcea31e5ef015ce8de6f , .ufc2ba9d9924dbcea31e5ef015ce8de6f:hover , .ufc2ba9d9924dbcea31e5ef015ce8de6f:visited , .ufc2ba9d9924dbcea31e5ef015ce8de6f:active { border:0!important; } .ufc2ba9d9924dbcea31e5ef015ce8de6f .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ufc2ba9d9924dbcea31e5ef015ce8de6f { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ufc2ba9d9924dbcea31e5ef015ce8de6f:active , .ufc2ba9d9924dbcea31e5ef015ce8de6f:hover { darkness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ufc2ba9d9924dbcea31e5ef015ce8de6f .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relativ e; } .ufc2ba9d9924dbcea31e5ef015ce8de6f .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enrichment: underline; } .ufc2ba9d9924dbcea31e5ef015ce8de6f .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ufc2ba9d9924dbcea31e5ef015ce8de6f .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content design: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufc2ba9d9924dbcea31e5ef015ce8de6f:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ufc2ba9d992 4dbcea31e5ef015ce8de6f .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ufc2ba9d9924dbcea31e5ef015ce8de6f-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ufc2ba9d9924dbcea31e5ef015ce8de6f:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Types Of Computer Graphics EssayA pundit, Bateson , comments that he considers Lucy to be a violet escaped the open world, and the single star speaks to her significance in the private world. Brew responds to Batesons contemplations by including that he accepts that the scene made by these two articles is that of Wordsworths new universe of life. The bloom speaks to human warmth and delicacy for the specific, and the star centers around the human creative mind and the pondering of recognition. He accepted that Lucy had the characteristics of both: her development in the tissue depicts the natural concordance of a blossoms dev elopment, while her own internal light gives her the nature of a star (Beer 95-6). Geoffrey Hartman a prestigious pundit included that he accepted that when individuals add up to nothing according to the world, they become their own reality in every others eyes (Hartman 43). Abnormal Fits of Passion Have I Known, this sonnet is exceptionally critical in its depiction of the faculties and feeling and how he integrates this with nature. From the earliest starting point Strange Fits of enthusiasm Have I Known to the absolute last lines, Oh leniency! to myself I cried, If Lucy ought to be dead! Wordsworth additionally elevates the sentiment of feeling in the account procedure he employments. His language is plain, which leaves more space for the peruser to focus on content instead of style. Since his sonnet is exceptionally passionate, it appears glaringly evident that this sonnet be about affection. His affection found in this sonnet isn't just portrayed in the portrayals of the sweetheart yet additionally in depictions of nature. As in a large portion of Wordsworths work nature is a built up some portion of his style. His adoration for the outside and everything characteristic shows here with references to a rose in June, and the night moon. Images of deat h are vital to the sonnet with words indicating trouble and grieving, for example, the moon slid, and the planet dropped, as if nature fears with him. The sonnet is written in past tense thus the dread of agony and demise are conspicuous. Many trust Lucys the moon going down speaks to death, however actually the moon restores each night. Artists added evening glow to their sonnets to impart the considerations of riddle, since murkiness has a feeling of dread (Reynolds 23). Many accept that since this is valid, Wordsworth is discussing a phantom. Lucys character reflects that of an apparition in everything except one sonnet (Lucy Gray) in the manner in which she makes her exit, consistently with a quick feeling of nonexistence. Her appearance through timberlands and the moon (the marker of Lucys nearness) demonstrate an arrangement with nature, and flight with men. (Cunningham)One could interface Lucy with Lucy Gray, his sonnet, where as per odd notion, Lucy kicked the bucket amidst nature, yet her soul as been seen there. In any case, Wordsworth didn't have faith recorded as a hard copy about the heavenly, so by and by the character stays obscure. In the investigation of the advancement of the affection for nature three phases have come to fruition. The third stage depends on the vast sense, or the solidarity among man and nature. The subsequent stage is perceived as our general surroundings and its magnificence and value of close examination. In the principal stage nature manages human activities and interests (Reynolds 27-8). Wordsworth has contacted every one of these phases in the Lucy Poems. Most verse depends on the main stage, but since of Wordsworths imaginative capacity he acquires each stage and shows how Lucy looks like each. This genuinely makes Lucy Natures Child. Bibliography:Works CitedAnonymous 1. 15 Jan. 1997. Gatech Inc. 31 Oct. 2000. Unknown 2. 17 Jan. 1997. Gatech Inc. 31 Oct. 2000. .u3a8e305601671818cf1e50733c5ad82b , .u3a8e305601671818cf1e50733c5ad82b .postImageUrl , .u3a8e305601671818cf1e50733c5ad82b .focused content territory { min-stature: 80

Machine Shops, Part 1

Machine Shops, Part 1 In response to a request from a current applicant, Im proud to present to you a virtual tour of some of MITs machine shops. As you can imagine, especially considering that our official motto is Latin for Mind and Hand, MIT is very big on hands-on projects. To facilitate this, there is a wide variety of places around campus where you can get your hands on some power tools- of the large variety. One of the principle machine shops on campus is Pappalardo Lab. This is the lab space used by Course 2 students (Course 2 is Mechanical Engineering, for those of you keeping track at home). Pappalardo is home to a wide range of Course 2 resources. The primary component is the shop area- but nearby are also several conference rooms for group design meetings as well as a couple of labs for classes like 2.004 and 2.14 (controls) and 2.671 (experimentation). Luckily for you, Ive been taking photos for my lab reports in 2.671. This was the setup for a lab where we analyzed the gas velocity profile of laminar flow of nitrogen in a long tube. Notice all the wires. Each lab station has several power supplies, handheld multimeters, a function generator, and an oscilloscope. In other words, theres a high concentration of toys per lab bench. This is the setup for an experiment where we measured the speed of sound in various gases. This is Adelaide 09 (my lab partner AND next door neighbor- how convenient!) thinking hard about the output of our sensors shown on the oscilloscope. Thats fun and everything, but the real fun part of Pappalardo is the machine shop. Every Course 2 student gets to know Pappalardo very well over the years- they typically take 2.670 (a class where you build a Sterling engine) IAP of sophomore year, 2.007 in the spring of sophomore year, and 2.009 in the fall of senior year. (If youd like to see more about 2.007, all students who take the class are required to create a website about it- you can check out mine here.) So, after all of that intro, are you ready for the pictures? Pappalardo has An entire row of lathes. (Lathes are machines that can be used to create cylindrical parts, for example a pin that needs a groove or a rod that needs a varying diameter.) Even more milling machines. (A milling machine has a bit called an end mill which is controlled by 3 axes. You can do lots of cool things on a milling machine- from drilling a hole at a precise location to engraving a pattern.) There are also lots of bandsaws, drill presses, chalkboard space, and a shower. Not sure exactly why this is here, but its probably part of a prototype environment for a 2.009 project. More 2.009 projects And a nice view of all of the available table space. Another machine shop on campus is the Hobby Shop. The Hobby Shop requires a membership fee, but its the only place (that I know of) on campus with woodworking capabilities. Also, since its run by an alum rather than a major academic department and caters to people doing cool stuff for fun rather than official for-credit projects, the Hobby Shop has a more lived-in feel than Pappalardo: The Hobby Shop also has a rather impressive supply of materials: Otherwise, the Hobby Shop is pretty typical, and has most of what youd expect, like drill presses, milling machines, saws, and a waterjet? Dont get me wrong, waterjets are awesome (they spray sandy water at such high velocities that it can actually cut through steel and create really precise and detailed patters which can be really hard to machine with other methods) but I was surprised to find one in the Hobby Shop. I had been under the impression that the shop was exclusively full of woodworking tools, but apparently not. A couple of Hobby Shop members work on a table theyre building. But no matter where you go Safety first, of course. =) The good news is, this isnt even half of the machine shops on campus. The bad news is, I can only take so many pictures at a time. Consider this a first installment, and stay tuned for the next one, which will feature the Lab for Manufacturing and Productivity, the Course 16 (Areo/Astro) lab space, and the Edgerton Center machine shop. EDIT: You can read part 2 here: Machine Shops, Part 2.

Machine Shops, Part 1

Machine Shops, Part 1 In response to a request from a current applicant, Im proud to present to you a virtual tour of some of MITs machine shops. As you can imagine, especially considering that our official motto is Latin for Mind and Hand, MIT is very big on hands-on projects. To facilitate this, there is a wide variety of places around campus where you can get your hands on some power tools- of the large variety. One of the principle machine shops on campus is Pappalardo Lab. This is the lab space used by Course 2 students (Course 2 is Mechanical Engineering, for those of you keeping track at home). Pappalardo is home to a wide range of Course 2 resources. The primary component is the shop area- but nearby are also several conference rooms for group design meetings as well as a couple of labs for classes like 2.004 and 2.14 (controls) and 2.671 (experimentation). Luckily for you, Ive been taking photos for my lab reports in 2.671. This was the setup for a lab where we analyzed the gas velocity profile of laminar flow of nitrogen in a long tube. Notice all the wires. Each lab station has several power supplies, handheld multimeters, a function generator, and an oscilloscope. In other words, theres a high concentration of toys per lab bench. This is the setup for an experiment where we measured the speed of sound in various gases. This is Adelaide 09 (my lab partner AND next door neighbor- how convenient!) thinking hard about the output of our sensors shown on the oscilloscope. Thats fun and everything, but the real fun part of Pappalardo is the machine shop. Every Course 2 student gets to know Pappalardo very well over the years- they typically take 2.670 (a class where you build a Sterling engine) IAP of sophomore year, 2.007 in the spring of sophomore year, and 2.009 in the fall of senior year. (If youd like to see more about 2.007, all students who take the class are required to create a website about it- you can check out mine here.) So, after all of that intro, are you ready for the pictures? Pappalardo has An entire row of lathes. (Lathes are machines that can be used to create cylindrical parts, for example a pin that needs a groove or a rod that needs a varying diameter.) Even more milling machines. (A milling machine has a bit called an end mill which is controlled by 3 axes. You can do lots of cool things on a milling machine- from drilling a hole at a precise location to engraving a pattern.) There are also lots of bandsaws, drill presses, chalkboard space, and a shower. Not sure exactly why this is here, but its probably part of a prototype environment for a 2.009 project. More 2.009 projects And a nice view of all of the available table space. Another machine shop on campus is the Hobby Shop. The Hobby Shop requires a membership fee, but its the only place (that I know of) on campus with woodworking capabilities. Also, since its run by an alum rather than a major academic department and caters to people doing cool stuff for fun rather than official for-credit projects, the Hobby Shop has a more lived-in feel than Pappalardo: The Hobby Shop also has a rather impressive supply of materials: Otherwise, the Hobby Shop is pretty typical, and has most of what youd expect, like drill presses, milling machines, saws, and a waterjet? Dont get me wrong, waterjets are awesome (they spray sandy water at such high velocities that it can actually cut through steel and create really precise and detailed patters which can be really hard to machine with other methods) but I was surprised to find one in the Hobby Shop. I had been under the impression that the shop was exclusively full of woodworking tools, but apparently not. A couple of Hobby Shop members work on a table theyre building. But no matter where you go Safety first, of course. =) The good news is, this isnt even half of the machine shops on campus. The bad news is, I can only take so many pictures at a time. Consider this a first installment, and stay tuned for the next one, which will feature the Lab for Manufacturing and Productivity, the Course 16 (Areo/Astro) lab space, and the Edgerton Center machine shop. EDIT: You can read part 2 here: Machine Shops, Part 2.

Human Trafficking An Evolving Global Phenomenon

Human trafficking is an evolving global phenomenon that lacks adequate attention and information. The global issue has been around for many years, but it has been hidden and kept a secret by so many who knew it was going on. Today, there are â€Å"approximately 800,000 people trafficked across international borders† and many more trafficked from state to state (Richards 155). No longer is human trafficking hiding in the shadows of a small farm or town that is hidden away from a busy city near by. Human trafficking has made its move to all continents and ages. The global issue of human trafficking has become the world’s largest trafficking activity because of the large revenue that is made from it, as well the belief that it has become the†¦show more content†¦Moreover, Mulvihill describes the signs that a victim of human trafficking would display, such as anxiety, avoiding eye contact, depression, never seen alone, appears to be in a relationship, and various o ther red flags (67). In a similar manner, Andreas Schloenhardt, Paris Astill-Torchia, and Jarrod M. Jolly author’s of â€Å"Be Careful of What You Pay For: Awareness Raising On Trafficking In Persons† explain that the lack of educating students and law enforcement has also hindered the amount of information given out during campaigns to put an end to the phenomenon (Schloenhardt, et. all 420). Not only are students who are learning uninformed, but the general public as well. Another author, Tiffany Richards, takes a different approach on human trafficking in her article â€Å"Health Implications of Human Trafficking†. Richards’ article informs the reader of the statistics of human trafficking, as well as what the crime does to the victim mentally and physically (Richards 159). Trafficking varies region to region, however the effects of the crime have a common trend (159). Richards article presents information concerning human trafficking in a manner that educates the reader and provides useful facts to suppress the actions of this global crime. The authors of the articles all present the need to educate the world in one way or another, whether it be through campaigns or medical professionals. The differences of the authors writings is that Mulvihill writes primarily about the

Plato And Aristotle s Views On Modern Political Thought...

Philosophers have pondered what makes for an ideal state since antiquity. In fact, the ideas theorized by the ancient Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle over two millennia ago on this subject still resonate strongly today, influencing modern political thought and regime construction. Plato contends the ideal state is one ruled by a class of guardians, or â€Å"philosopher-kings†. These philosopher-kings are selected to rule because they are best fit for the responsibility. Aristotle, a pupil of Plato, acknowledges and agrees with Plato on the point that states ruled by philosopher-kings would be ideal states, but adds such states are simply not reasonable. Instead, Aristotle advocates for rule by â€Å"polity†: a constitutional government†¦show more content†¦Likewise, children born of guardians deemed unfit to be future guardians are relegated to one of the other classes. By creating a system of specialization in which ability solely determines the citizen s’ duties, Plato ensures those who govern his city will not be the beneficiaries of parental and/or class nepotism. For this reason, the city’s political health is protected from the deleterious effects of an inefficient ruling class. This class structure is wholly unconventional, but necessary in Plato’s ideal city. This is due to his position on the equity, or lack thereof, between humans; some people, be it by nature or nurture, are more competent than others and the most competent should rule over those less so for the benefit of the whole. However, Plato knows this system will be fraught if it ignores base human desire. Citizens will not willingly accept being corralled into specific societal roles, especially if they think those roles are unjust or beneath them. Plato’s system cannot work without a â€Å"noble lie†. The noble lie promulgated to the citizens of Plato’s city relies on a sort of divine meddling. According to the lie, alth ough everyone in the society is related and should share a familial bond, guardians, auxiliaries, and producers all have different levels of ability imparted onto them by â€Å"the god† in the form of intrinsic metals. As Socrates’ saysShow MoreRelatedThe Formations Of The Mankind System1568 Words   |  7 Pagesjustice, being on everyone s lips, is used so often that it may signify nearly anything. Though one of the main meanings given by modern people is the interchangeability of justice with the word â€Å"fairness†. 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Therefore, I decided to research some points in these conventions that are related to my study in order to nurture my knowledge in this great field of the human sciences. Then, I thought deliberately about the benefit of exerting much effort to get such knowledge since it is existed, well-explained and well-organised, in handy books. But after looking by historical and religious study as far back as some centuries ago, I found that

Essay on Principles of Economics - 617 Words

Principles of Economics Paper Individual decision making is either you do, or you do not. Most people are rational beings basing their decisions on a formula, benefits versus cost. Are the benefits of buying a $1000 television worth it? Are the marginal benefits worth the marginal cost? Just this morning, I was faced with such a scenario. I was invited over to a friend’s house to try a new video game. I did not go, however, because I knew that I had to read several chapters for my class and write a paper. The benefits were that I would have some time to hang out with my friends and enjoy some much needed free time. The cost would’ve been that I could have not gotten all of my reading done and possibly been late on my†¦show more content†¦Centrally planned economies are of a lower caliber quality, because the government decides who, what, and how products will be handled. This however does not meet the consumers wants, only the needs. Market economies are quite different from centrally planned. Market economies base their who, what, and how answers on the consumers. This gives the consumers more choice and power on their buying habits. In a market economy, products will tend to have higher quality and higher probability of satisfying the consumers. This does, however, target the more willing and capable buyers. There is a third economic system that was brought about in the nineteenth century: a mixed economy. This mixed economy is a combination of both centrally planned and market economies. This allows for the answers to â€Å"who, what, and how?† to be decided by consumers but in which the government has a significant role in the allocation of resources. Simply explained, social interactions change from one economic system to another. A centrally planned economy restricts free will as far as the questions who, what, and how. Perhaps leaving the society a little less satiated. 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Argumentative Transformed Score

Question: Discuss about theArgumentative for Transformed Score. Answer: Introduction The essay aims to highlight the paradigm shift in the sphere of primary school level education (PSLE) in Singapore. Initially, the schools of Singapore used to emphasize the Transformed Score (TS) at the primary school level. The Transformed Score means standardization of raw scores and rank students comparative to others. The practice spawns baleful competition among the students of Singapore (TENG, 2016). The essay assumes an argumentative stance drawing on issues (moral, ethical, social and others) encompassing the PSLE grading system of T-Score. The moral ground of the T-Score (PSLE Grading System) entails maintenance of rigor and control among the students of Singapore. The T-Score involves both positive and negative factors. The positive factor is it kindles a spirit of competition among the students of all schools at the primary level. However, the unhealthy competition takes a heavy toll on the students. The students have to cope with the burdensome syllabus that exerts unnecessary pressure on them (TENG, 2016). The ethical issue states that the T-Score pattern makes the students flexible and encourages them to inculcate strong work ethic. The parents prepare their students to pass the huddle with ease. However, the pattern reveals conflicting interests among the students and forces them to do rot learning (YANG, 2016). The social issue explains that the government of Singapore wants to ensconce elitism and class differentiation within the matrix of PSLE (Ngerng, 2016). The T-Score pattern is such that the students get ranks relative to others. It creates an unnecessary clamor for the test marks that determines the quality of the students. Therefore, test marks act as the yardstick for the quality and improvement of the students. Hence, this kind of marking engenders ruckus at the primary school level. The T-Score of the PSLE focuses on class divergence and not on the holistic development of the students. In this segment, the argument centers on the upholding of the T-Score of PSLE. According to Siong, the T-Score of PSLE is an old system that instills enthusiasm in pupils to study more actively. It helps the students to comprehend the graveness of the matter and encourage them to fight for the first position. To his belief, this kind of grading system acts as a motivating factor for the students who want to leap to the bandwagon of success (Siong, 2013). At the same time, pupils take this as an opportunity to exhibit their profundity of knowledge. Over the past several years, there has been a heated controversy regarding the T-Score of PSLE education system. The grading system, albeit rigorous, but it greatly influences the pupils to plod through the mountain of books and comes out with satisfactory results. Therefore, such marking pattern is good, in a sense; it keeps a track on the performance and the capability of students. Many students find this pattern interesting and quixotic. It helps them to beat the opposing forces and climb the ladder of success. From the very beginning, the students understand the tactics and they apply it in all spheres of their life. Coming to the counter-argumentative stance, the T-Score of the PSLE has been criticized from all quarters. The system creates a ruckus in the field of primary education. The pupils have to endure the worst of the system in the initial years of their schooling (THAM, 2016). The students have to bear the travail of the syllabus during their early schooling. According to Yang, the parents are piqued by the essence of the grading system. They gear up their children for the examination. The system exerts heavy pressure on the fledgling students. The students and their parents remain fearful of the higher stakes and admission to new schools. The parents want their students to perform relatively better (YANG, 2016). The earlier system forces the students to browse through the books and mug up the texts impatiently. However, the new system gives the students an opportunity to engage in enthralling discourse. The new education system weighs over the complete development of students. It helps the students to discover their concealed talents and treasure trove of knowledge. Here, I feel that the government of Singapore strives for the better development of students. The earlier system, to my idea, has a detrimental effect on the students of Singapore, who are at their primary level. I understand that the schools want to bring the best out of their students. They aim to uplift the standard of their institutions along with the betterment of students. Under the existing system, the students are losing the best times of their childhood and always remain in haste. For an instance, the current T-Score system draws a fine discrimination line. A student who possesses a T-Score Average of 231 and a student who gets 230 are equally ready for the secondary school. Therefore, it is erroneous to arrive at such a discriminatory conclusion at this tender age (www.todayonline.com, 2016). The T-score is rep laced by the new grading system, which gives students scope to delve into the new discoveries. According to the sources, the new system has so much to offer and reduces the differentiation mark that exhorts the pupils to be good players. In the debate, the essay supports the counter-argumentative position. It does not accord the T-Score of the PSLE system. The earlier T-Score wields pressure on the tiny tots and makes them subservient to the system of manifesting their knowledge. In the real sense, the students are studying for the sake of scoring high marks and not for true learning (SIN, 2016). The students have nothing to explore or experiment during their schooling days. The main intention of penning down the essay is to make the citizens of Singapore aware of the grave T-Score pattern. The current marking system has a perilous effect on the students. In the hope of scoring higher grades, the students fall victim to serious illness. Therefore, it is high time that the government shuns the existing pattern and welcomes the Achievement Level (AL) grading system in Singapore. Reference 10 things to know about changes to the PSLE scoring system. (2016). TODAYonline. Retrieved 23 September 2016, from https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/10-things-know-about-changes-psle-scoring-system Ngerng, R. (2016). New PSLE Education System: Taking a Deeper Look at the Numbers. The Heart Truths. Retrieved 23 September 2016, from https://thehearttruths.com/2016/07/16/new-psle-education-system-taking-a-deeper-look-at-the-numbers SIN, Y. (2016). PSLE changes: Parents worry kids' weaker subjects will pull down results. The Straits Times. Retrieved 24 September 2016, from https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/education/parents-worry-kids-weaker-subjects-will-pull-down-results Siong, L. G. (2013). PSLE in Singapore: Primary School Leaving Examinations or Politics, Society, Legislation, and Education. TENG, A. (2016). PSLE through the years. The Straits Times. Retrieved 23 September 2016, from https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/education/psle-through-the-years THAM, I. (2016). PSLE changes won't change Singapore's obsession with grades. The Straits Times. Retrieved 23 September 2016, from https://www.straitstimes.com/opinion/psle-changes-wont-change-singapores-obsession-with-grades YANG, C. (2016). Preparing for exams: 'Like the whole family is sitting the PSLE'. The Straits Times. Retrieved 23 September 2016, from https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/education/like-the-whole-family-is-sitting-the-psle

Leadership Case Study

The Garden City Movement, how it occurred and the influences on planning today Essays

The Garden City Movement, how it occurred and the influences on planning today Essays The Garden City Movement, how it occurred and the influences on planning today Paper The Garden City Movement, how it occurred and the influences on planning today Paper In 1902 a book was published, entitled: Garden cities of To-morrow. It was written By Ebenezer Howard and it set out his plan for creating better neighbourhoods, cities, regions, nations and a better society. It did this through diagrams and explanations of his ideals. Some describe it as a dream, an impossible utopia. Yet it is one of the greatest influences of Town planning today. So how did Howard, a man who had very little town planning background, create such a book? His influences are many. If you were to look chronologically at past models of city ideals you could start with that of the Greeks with Miletus, a complete planned city. Or the Kaogongji, of the ancient Chinese. Principle traditions to create perfect cities. Indeed Plato was the one of the first to set out plans for utopian cities and would probably have influenced Howard, even slightly, with theories of population limits and balancing urban areas and country settings. But Howards influence started with the stories in the bible. City layouts as described for Levitical cities of Palestine in the 15th century by Moses and Ezekial. These cities had cubits or perimeters. They were also surrounded by country and pasture grounds. The Roman empire echoed this with the Pomerium (Space either side of the city walls)and Ager Effatus (designated fields.) Some influences upon Howards thinking were the literary utopias that man has thought about for hundreds of years. Sir Thomas Mores Utopia was a set of rules, but no plans for an ideal city. He stated that towns should have distance between them, children should have access to the countryside. He was against sprawl over the countryside, instead opting for green belts. He also thought of neighbourhood units and communal buildings. But he lacked details and plans. In 1817, Robert Owen, started a town a New Lanark with his own social philosophy. He believed that humans could influence the character of society. Though work and education they could achieve genuine values. Owens thinking was radical and he did a lot of work, creating The institute for the formation of character. He experimented with his ideas, published them and became a famous social thinker. He was a strong influence on Howards ideas, yet Owens thinking was too communal and his plans were not perfect. J S Buckingham, also a keen influence for Howard, Created plans for his ideal city at Victoria. It was a compact city, but everyone would have easy access to all parts of the city. The use of parklands and belts emerged famously in the planning community from Col William Light, in Australia, 1837. With the planning of Adelaides park belt, which was very successful. But earlier signs of the green belt ideas were shown in Christopher Wrens plans for the rebuilding of London after the great fire of 1666. The most recent influences leading up to Howards publishing were the model experimental cities created by capitalists in the 19th century. Sir Titas Salt, with Saltaire in Yorkshire. Lord Leverhulme with Port sunlight and George Cadbury with Bournville. The latter two examples were impressive for Howard. Bournville and Port Sunlight were created for the workers of the factories that were owned by the capitalists. Leverhulme, with his soap company, built the city to house workers and provided art galleries, open spaces and gardens. Although his motives were primarily to increase production, he created better living conditions for his workers. Cadburys town, situated near Birmingham, provided quality semi-detached housing, gardens and open spaces. Yet he also sought for the town to have residents who did not work for him. He was less controlling and sought to improve morale and quality of his workers lives. These experiments in town planning and Howards observations of the over crowded, poor urban living conditions in England pushed him to write his book. Initially entitled to-morrow. It was not an instant success, but under its 1902 re-release it did attain a following of influential people, who were not ignoring Englands town planning problems. To put Howards plans into practice a company was formed in 1901. Initially the company was unimpressive, yet with the addition of Ralph Neville, an influential lawyer as chair it soon gathered pace as The Garden City Pioneer Company ltd. With Neville, Alfred Russell Wallace, George Cadbury and Lord Leverhulme the company was able to purchase land for the worlds first Garden City. After dismissing many proposed sites, they decided upon Letchworth, a town 40 miles from London. Putting Howards ideas into a plan, were the architects Raymond Unwin and Barry Parker. Unwin had experience in town planning, went on to write a book Town Planning in practice which discussed housing, architecture and town layouts, using cul de sacs and aesthetic qualities. The Pioneer company released a pamphlet, describing the architecture for the builders. Housing was to be Simple, yet well built. But suitably designed to promote a special charm, without pointless ornament. This vague description led to some uniformity of the town and some ugly buildings. The city also failed on other accounts. It was not circular, as it had to conform to the landform. The industry became scattered, and the project was under-funded. This, along with the world war bringing munitions factories, raised the house values- meaning it was unaffordable for some workers, who then had to travel far to work. Its successes were few, it did retain some of Howards ideals of open space, use of parklands and a certain charm, yet it didnt house enough municipal owned land and affordable housing due to under-funding. Building cities from scratch is extremely expensive, especially when trying to make affordable housing. In 1906 Parker and Unwin worked on Hampstead, a garden suburb. It was a new direction in the garden cities movement, yet veered from a lot of Howards ideas. It was entirely sufficient on the city for work and amusement. It was also very uniformed in its architecture and, although picturesque, it was static and contrary to Howards versatile plans. The garden suburb was successful, mainly because of its small size and links to the city. Undeterred by the failures of Letchworth, it seemed that the company was actually doing well. Letchworth was a step in the right direction and a good laboratory for the garden city movement. So in 1919, enough capital had been raised to buy and develop Welwyn. This was a site, much closer to London. The first houses built here followed Letchworths example of simple design, yet were regarded as slums by critics. De Soissons was appointed as architect. He used similar designs as Unwin. Informal winding roads and cul de sac communities. This time the company was in a stronger position to support the architect and be more precise about the housing development. Hence the rural, town country composition worked. The existing trees were conserved where possible, planting was used to individualise streets and a green belt was formed between Welwyn and London. Yet there were still criticisms about the town. It was misunderstood as a satellite town in which industry clung around London. But it was not this sort of satellite town. But it was again under-funded, leading to a lack of amusements and community buildings and it had to follow landform wherever possible, to cut costs. Welwyn grew slowly, but these two first Garden cities were successful in another way. They acted as excellent testing ground for the garden city movement and started to inspire the world, which had populations, migrating to urban centres. Many countries had to address the problems of overcrowding. Howards ideas were put into practice, yet they filtered down. Many cities now used green belts or cul de sac communities, but it is yet to be achieved on a regional, or national planning level. In England, a man inspired by Hoards work and other previous cities set about creating his own. Started before Letchworth, but after the release of Howards book, Rowntree began work on his town of New Earswick. It was primarily for his workers at his factory, yet he had his own ideals. He wanted open spaces and affordable housing as in Howards book. Yet he also wanted the families to be able to grow their own food and supplied each with gardens and fruit trees. New Earswick was, and is a successful town, even though many of the residents are very poor. Even now houses are built with gardens and fruit trees. In the mid 20th century new problems were emerging. This was becoming the age of the motor car. America was inspired by Howard and a garden city association emerged there. With supporters such as Olmstead, who later worked on Central Park, NYC, the association became the RPAA. (The regional planning association of America.) Henry Wright, Clarence Stein and Alexander Bing, began plans for garden cities; primarily around New York. They wanted to achieve a regional plan of all areas, as Howard described. They had projects such as the Appalachian Trail. Which was to promote growth along eastern USA, with farming, timber and regional communities. The CHC (city housing corporation) also emerged in the USA to tackle the housing shortages. Together they worked on the first garden suburb in the USA, at sunnyside gardens, Queens. A practical experiment, it followed a filtered version of Howards ideas. After little success they started on the next, major project of Radburn, New Jersey. They used superblocks, which were developed at sunnyside. A core of open space surrounded by a network of cul de sacs. This city had a degree of self sufficiency, but its main success was tackling the road issues. Traffic was separated from pedestrians by planting and overpasses. Path systems were created, with parkways and open spaces. Later when recession his the USA, the CHC and the RPAA disappeared, but valuable lessons were learned from the city experiments. All these influences have lead to todays town planning. In the UK towns like New Earswick continue to thrive. New towns are clearly influenced by filtered versions of the Garden Cities of To-morrow, such as: Alkrington Hall Estate (from 1911), Bristol Garden Suburb (1909), and also in Cardiff, Coventry, Romford Ilford, Methyr, Oldham Southampton, Warrington, etc .Indeed, for much of the 20th Century the main ideals embodied in Howardà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s work have influenced planners. Moreover, the Garden City Association provided valuable support for the town planning movement and was an important pressure group in lobbying for greater planning legislation. Its most significant contribution however was demonstrating that town planning ideals could be successfully applied in practice. Yet in conclusion to the question given on the legacy of the garden cities movement, I find myself asking, what are we moving towards? A regional plan of surbria? Where garden suburbs and towns spread like tentacles over every undeveloped area of England. Is this what we really want? To be five minutes in reach of the mall and golf course, living in crime free, simple perfect suburban homes. Becoming gas guzzling, land eating, money driven people; ruled by corporations. I think that we need to do more that what Howard dreamt of. New problems have arisen and we need to address the core of them, ourselves, our needs, not our desires. The needs of the next generations. I find myself thinking that, yes, we do need open spaces, yes, we need countryside, towns and communities. But we do need to change. Why cant we learn to dream again, to think imaginatively before we build too much, too fast and live to regret it?

Why and How the European Union controls dominance Essay

Why and How the European Union controls dominance - Essay Example Economists are involved in researches on the idea of free market with socially optimal allocation. The notion of competition constitutes the central part of economic theory. Controversies exist among the policy makers on the way competition contributes in the process of development. One can witness contrasting thoughts about the meaning of competition in the economic history. Among the different forms of competition, perfect competition has been able to find a place as the standard model of analysis. During the time of Adam Smith, the concept of competition was popular and viewed as independent rivalry among people. Some of the views suggest competition as a tool that will eliminate profits in the long run. But perfect competition and monopoly rules the real market conditions. Therefore conditions imposed by imperfect competition and asymmetric information calls for inefficient competitive equilibria (Cook, 2001, p. 4). The different ways in which the authorities of national governme nt and the European Union look into markets so that it can work better is regarded as the policy of competition. The framework of the policy of competition has not been string for the low income economies. A wide range of policy measures influences the competition policy. The policy measures include policies that are subjected towards trade, employment and industry. There have been cases where it developed ways that protect the domestic competition instead of promoting competition between the competitors (Motta, 2004, p. 3). The aim behind the policy of competition is to achieve economic welfare and efficiency at the highest level. The European commission joined hands with the authorities of national competition with the aim to ensure free and fair mode of competition in the European Union. However the aim of the competition policy is to promote competition. If markets are made to work better it will contribute to increase efficiency and competitiveness of the economy of UK within t he single market of the European Union. Competition ensures broader choices for the consumer in the markets for goods and services and advancement in technology which promotes gains in dynamic efficiency. The policy of competition will also ensure competition in price between the suppliers. The policy can also investigate complaints on anti-competitive behavior within markets. This type of behavior can have negative effect on the welfare of the consumer. In the UK and the European Union there are four pillars of the policy of competition. The first pillar i.e. antitrust and cartels involves removal of contracts which looks to restrict competition. The second pillar i.e. liberalization of market works on introducing fresh competition in sectors of monopolistic competition. The policy of competition analyses the state aided measures. This ensures that the measures taken cannot distort the competition in the single market. This concludes the third pillar i.e. state aid control. The for th pillar of the policy of competition investigates mergers and take-overs between firms (Bennett, 2010, p. 3). A firm is able to hold a strong foothold in the market if its economic power provides the firm the opportunity to operate within the market without taking into consideration the reaction of the competitors or the consumers. The European Commission considers the share of the market and some other factors like ability of the competitors and access of the firm to raw materials and control on the network of distribution while appraising the economic power of a firm. If the firm is able to hold its dominant position because of its own efficiency it is highly credible. But if the firm maintains its position by exploiting the power of competition, it is bound to be an

Neo-Malthusian Population Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Neo-Malthusian Population Control - Essay Example Celibacy, or sexual abstinence, struck Malthus as potentially an effective solution for solving the problem he himself diagnosed with human societies (Gilbert). As we should in contemporary liberal societies, most will find Malthus' conclusions unsettling, not only because of what they describe as in our future, but because of what his findings might justify in terms of government control. The kinds of methods that Neo-Malthusians suggest are necessary to protect the Malthusian catastrophe are undesirable at best and totalitarian at worst. Given this background, there are numerous theorists, from many different fields, who oppose the arguments of Neo-Malthusians by criticizing Thomas Malthus himself. One criticism is apparent in economist David D. Friedman, who concludes that the prospect of parents having "too many" children is unlikely. His first argument is that although parents may not always be the most rational in deciding to have a child, it is even more difficult for a government, which is the only alternative from having parents decide. Parents are, despite common concerns, rational decision-makers. As the Malthusian catastrophe nears, reasons Friedman, economic effects are felt on fertility. Friedman says, "Consider also the effect of economic conditions on fertility. At the bottom of a depression, with short term income low and long-term prospects-for both parents and children-bleak, birth rates should fall. They do" (Freidman). Julian

Ideological Elements Of Titanic Film Studies Essay

Ideological Elements Of Titanic Film Studies Essay This research explores about the mise-en-scene of the movie Titanic and its impact to the film industry. This chapter discusses the mise-en-scene that is applied in this movie, and also we will discuss about how the impact to the film industry after released the movie Titanic. Titanic is an American disaster and romance movie that released at the year 1997. This movie was directed and written by James Cameron. Titanic was a commercial success and enormous critical after screened to audiences worldwide. The amount gross avenue of the Titanic is $1,843,201,268. This movie maintains the record of the top of box office in the world until the release of James Camerons movie Avatar. Mise-en-scene is a French word that means what to put into the scene. This is the design aspects of film production, means visual theme or telling a story. There have five elements under the mise-en-scene which is setting, space, lighting acting style and also costume. This several elements of mise-en-scene will be use in further stage of this research. 1.1 Research Background The movie Titanic is a fictional romance story that is based on a real historical event, telling story between two young lovers Jack (Leonardo DiCaprio) and Rose (Kate Winslet) from different social classes who meet at the ships maiden voyage. Their love story end up with the sinking of the RMS Titanic. The budget for this film reached about $200 million; it is making the record that the most expensive film ever made at the time 1997. This film was widely ridiculed for the expense and protracted production scheduled before its release. Titanic was released on December 19, 1997 with 194 minutes running time. This movie was grossed less in the first weekend which is $28.6 million, then the second week is $35.4 million; it is an increase of 23.8%. This is beaten a record for a widely released film at the time. This film has held the number one spot on the box-office charts for the following months, grossing the total of over $600 million in the U.S. and Canada, and also more than $1.8 billion worldwide. This film has become the highest-grossing film in the world, until James Camerons 2009 film Avatar. Despite criticism during production of the film, the Titanic was received a record-tying 14 Oscar nominations at the 1998 Academy Awards. It won 11 Oscars, including Best Picture, Special Effects, Music, Editing, Sound and Score, and the Best Director award. The movie Titanic is based on the real historical event, so audience would have higher expectations toward the movie. Audiences have the foreknowledge that based on the real historical event, not much audience would wonder that the ship will sink or not in the movie. So, the mise-en-scene is an important aspect in order to make the movie interesting. Other than the mise-en-scene, the class system has obviously shown through this movie. Although the passengers have taking the same ship, but there were have different treats towards different class passengers. 1.2 Summary of the Titanic Titanic tells the romantic and sad story. The story started by explores the wreck of the RMS Titanic under the sea by the treasure hunter Brock Lovett and his team members in the year 1996; they are searching for a necklace called the Heart of the Ocean. They have found a nude womans sketch instead of diamond, the date have wrote at the sketch 14 April 1912, which was the night that the Titanic sinking. The old woman Rose Dawson Calvert contacts with Lovett, tells him that actually she is the woman that inside the sketch. Rose has recalls back her memories when asked the questions about the necklace. In 1912, the upper class lady Rose and her mother board the ship in Southampton, England with her fiancà © Caledon Cal Hockley, the son of a Pittsburgh steel tycoon. Cal and Roses mother stressed that this engagement is important because it will solve the financial problems of Roses family. Rose is not happy for the engagement to Cal, and the pressure of her mother that is putting on her. She considers end up her life by jumping into the sea. Before she leaps, Jack Dawson, an artist and drifter persuades Rose do not jump. A tentative friendship of Jack and Rose was developed at the time. Rose not considering with instruct of her mom and Cal to meet with Jack. The ship is collision with an iceberg, the Titanic will be sinking soon. Cal persuade Rose to a board of a lifeboat, after she boards, Rose realized that she cant leave Jack, Rose reunites with Jack on the Titanic. All the lifeboats were departed when Jack and Rose have return to the top deck. So, many people are falling to their deaths. They take refuge on the stern of the ship as the ship sinks bow first until the time they are washed overboard. The sea water is cold. Jack helps Rose onto the wood which is the wall panel that can only support the weight of one person. Jack assures Rose that she will not die there. Rose blows the whistle that taken from a dead officer nearby when the return of a rescue boat to the site of the sinking of Titanic, the RMS HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMS_CarpathiaCarpathia is taken her to New York, she gives herself name as Rose Dawson. She is hidden herself to avoids Cal when she saw Cal is searching for her. At last, her story complete, she goes to the stern of the Lovetts ship. Then she takes out the Heart of the Ocean then drops it into the sea. Later, she is sleeping on her bad, her daily photos is surround her, a visual chronicle that she has lived the life that she wanted with Jack. The last scene showing the young Rose reunites with Jack at the grand staircase of the Titanic; it is cheered and congratulated by those who perished on the Titanic. 1.3 Research Problems The movie Titanic has successfully to bringing audiences to the cinema and hit the top of the box office over ten years with the worldwide gross that over $1.8 billion, it also remained the record for twelve years until the Camerons next directorial effort Avatar, surpassed it in 2010. Titanic was an enormous commercial and critical success. This film was nominated for fourteen Academy Awards, eventually winning eleven, including the Best Picture and Best Director. Some of the internet users were created the trailer of Titanic II and upload in the Youtube.com. It makes people feel that the Titanic II will be release soon. But actually the trailer is the combination of different movie scene that is acted by Leonardo DiCaprio. From here, we can notice that the passion of audiences toward this movie. In an interview on March 2010 with USA Today, the director James Cameron stated, I am guessing six months to a year to do it right. We are targeting spring of 2012 for the release, the 3D version of the Titanic, which is the 100th years anniversary of the sailing of the Titanic. Nowadays, most of the film director is producing the movie with their own style. Mise-en-scene is an important aspect in order to bring out and enhance the quality of the film. Obviously, Titanic has the power to maintain the top of the box office over ten years, the mise-en-scene on this movie is one of the reasons to make this good result. As mentioned above, the Titanic will coming back to the cinema with the 3-D version, the storyline is the same. The same movie will be release in the cinema after 15 years. It is the main reason that inspired me to do research about the mise-en-scene and impacts of this movie. 1.4 Research Objectives To investigate the five mise-en-scene elements those are seen in the movie Titanic. The main goal of this research is to discuss the five mise-en-scene elements that are seen in this movie. To study the ideological elements portrayed in the movie Titanic. Second, this research is going to discuss the ideological elements that are portrayed in this movie. To discover which aspect of mise-en-scene which is most preferred by the viewers in the movie Titanic. Third, since this research has discussed the five mise-en-scene elements that are seen in the Titanic. So, this research also going to find out the most preferred out of five mise-en-scene elements in this movie. Research Questions How were the five elements of mise-en-scene applied into the movie Titanic? What are the ideological elements portray in the movie Titanic? What is the most preferred mise-en-scene element by the viewers in the movie Titanic? 1.6 Research Significance The significance of this research towards the mise-en-scene and its impact on film industry and society of the movie Titanic will help create a better understanding on the mise-en-scene that is seen in this movie. So, it can help to get more deeply knowledge of mise-en-scene through the discussion. This can help the further researcher to get better understanding on mise-en-scene. Besides that, this research can helps to create a better understanding on ideological elements in Titanic. We can find out those ideological elements that were portrayed in this movie. So, I hope can get more knowledge about the class system in western last time. Furthermore, this research also helps to expose which is the most preferred mise-en-scene elements when viewers watching the Titanic. Because this also one of the reason that make the Titanic become successful. 1.7 Research Scope This research will be done through focus group and content analysis. The target group is Tunku Abdul Rahman College (TARC) student from age 18 to 25. The question will be designed base on the Titanic, and it will be posing to 5 students from Mass Communication Division under School of Social Science and Humanities (SSSH). This study selected the sample from TARC Mass Communication student in SSSH that have watched the movie Titanic since they are more major in media subject so that they can give more details answer toward the question. For the content analysis, it will conduct the analysis through the blockbuster movie Titanic that released at the year 1997. The five elements of mise-en-scene and the ideological applied will be analyzed through this film. Mise-en-scene is a French word that means what to put into the scene. This is the design aspects of film production, means visual theme or telling a story. There have five elements under the mise-en-scene which is setting, space, lighting, acting style and also costume. So, through the Titanic, researcher can find out these five mise-en-scene aspect in the film, so that the content analysis can be conduct smoothly. According to John Hess (2005), Ideology is a systematic body of ideas, attitudes, values, and perceptions; such like the actual modes of thinking typical of a given class or group of people in a specific time and place. So, ideology in the film refers to what the ideas that the filmmakers want to portray in the particular film. The content of the film Titanic is a suitable medium in order to conduct content analysis towards ideology in the film. 1.8 Summary As a summary, the mise-en-scene is important to every movie production. Mise-en-scene can be applied in every movie, but the suitable mise-en-scene is the key to make the movie either failed or successful. After the movie released, the most important is the audiences feedback and the impact of the film. Film scholar need to be more understanding towards the mise-en-scene in order to do the movie production in the future. Therefore, this research focuses on the mise-en-scene and the ideological elements that have been applied in the film Titanic and how its work and success when the production and after movie released.

Changes in the American Family Essay -- essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As we have learned through Skolnick’s book, as well as Rubin’s research, the make up of the family is influenced by many factors. The economy, culture, education, ethnicity/race, and tradition all help to create the modern family. The last few decades have heavily influenced the family structure, and while some try to preserve the past, others embrace the future. Through it all, we find you can have both. The first part of Rubin’s book dealt with â€Å"the Invisible Americans.† One of the most thought provoking statements from the beginning, states: â€Å"Indeed, one of the surprising findings of this study is how much in common all these families have, how much agreement they would find among themselves- even about some of the hottest racial issues of the day- if they could put away the stereotypes and hostilities that separate them and listen to each other talk. For if we set aside race, there’s far more to unite working-class families than there is to divide them.† (15) For me, this set the tone for the book. More than once, someone from this study who was of a different culture or race then me, said something I know I had thought or even said before. I found it interesting because with some of them, I thought I was the only one who would feel that way; that it was a problem specific to one group. Rubin’s research shows that a lot can happen in just one generation. Much has been spoken lately of what Tom Brokaw has declared â€Å"The Greatest Generation;† those who fought in WWII. These Americans came back from the war, started families, and worked hard to achieve â€Å"The All American Dream.† But somewhere they must have missed something because this generation is the generation that produced the â€Å"pot smoking, free love hippies† who then produced the adults in Rubin’s study. What changed so much with a generation that was the epitome of hard work, discipline, and structure? Stephanie Coontz’s article, â€Å"What We Really Miss about the 1950’s† addresses that. The world between 1920-1950 is not what we think. There was a high murder rate, a substantial divorce rate, and â€Å"an older generation of neighbors or relatives who tried to tell them how to run their lives and raise their kids.† (Skolnick 33) Itâ⠂¬â„¢s this sense that their children see the world so differently that’s so hard for working-class parents. â€Å"For it seems to say that now, along with ... ... Really Miss about the 1950s† Family in Transition. Ed. Arlene Skolnick and Jermone H. Skolnick: Boston: Pearson Education, Inc., 2003. 31-39 Kamen, Paula. â€Å"Modern Marriage: From Meal Ticket to Best Friend† Family in Transition. Ed. Arlene Skolnick and Jermone H. Skolnick: Boston: Pearson Education, Inc., 2003 152-160 Laner, Mary Riege. Ventrone, Nicole A. â€Å"Dating Scripts Revisted† Family in Transition. Ed. Arlene Skolnick and Jermone H. Skolnick: Boston: Pearson Education, Inc., 2003. 143-151 Newman, Katherine S. â€Å"Family Values Against the Odds† Family in Transition. Ed. Arlene Skolnick and Jermone H. Skolnick: Boston: Pearson Education, Inc., 2003. 320-334 Rubin, Lillian B. Families on the Fault Line, New York: HarperCollins Publishers, Inc., 1994 Taylor, Ronald L. â€Å"Diversity within African American Families† Family in Transition. Ed. Arlene Skolnick and Jermone H. Skolnick: Boston: Pearson Education, Inc., 2003. 365-388 Zinn, Maxine Baca. Wells, Barbara. â€Å"Diversity Within Latino families: New Lessons for Family Social Science† Family in Transition. Ed. Arlene Skolnick and Jermone H. Skolnick: Boston: Pearson Education, Inc., 2003. 389-414

A Comparative Analysis of Community-Based Tourism in Uganda and Kenya

1. Introduction As pointed out by Tasciet al (2013), the contribution made by tourism to the growth of the economy can be enormous. Given the great potential of the tourism sector, several models have been developed over the past few years. Community-based tourism, developed in the 1990’s by authors including Pearce (1992) has been suggested to provide for sustainability in the industry (Beeton 2006). Community-based tourism (CBT) can be defined as a bottom-up approach that ensures the involvement of the local communities in the planning process (Koster 2007). Given the potential of CBT, many rural areas are increasingly relying on tourism as an alternative to economic development, replacing their former reliance on forestry, mining and agriculture (Lopez-Guzman et al. 2011). Rural areas are considered important tourist destinations as they appeal to many tourists (Butler et al. 1998). This paper conducts a comparative analysis of community based tourism between Uganda and Kenya. The paper wi ll first define the concept and then explore the demographics and history of tourism in Kenya and Uganda, and finally examine the socio-economic and environmental impacts. A comparative analysis will be done between the two countries by highlighting similarities and differences. 3. Community-Based Tourism Model: Overview The notion of CBT can be traced back to the alternative approaches developed in the 1970s which were concerned with issues beyond the strictly economic (Tefler 2009). During this period, development in the tourism sector began to focus more on community-based initiatives and stressed more on the participation of the local individuals (Giampiccoli & Kalis 2012). The concept brought together issues of sustainability, local empowerment and self-reliance. CBT has come about due to the desire for a more inclusive approach to planning that incorporates local values (Koster 2007). The concept of CBT has suffered from competing and ill-thought-out definitions. For example, Suansri (2003) and Ramsa & Mohd (2004) view CBT as a tourism venture wholly managed by the local communities. On the other hand, Scheyvens (2002) and Mearns (2003) are inclined to see it as involving a degree of participation or partnership with other stakeholders playing a part. Perhaps the problem with defining the concept can be attributed to the fact that CBT may mean different things to different people. Despite debate over meanings, the CBT framework used in this paper is that initiated, planned, controlled, owned and managed by the local people with the aim of meeting the needs of the entire community. Private enterprises at the micro-level can be considered as part of the definition if the focus is on communal well-being rather than individual profit. The benefits should accrue to the local community and CBT should respect and preserve local culture. 2. Background to Tourism in Kenya and Uganda: Demographics, History, Socio-Economic Considerations andEnvironmental SustainabilityTourism plays an important role in Kenya, accounting for 10% of GDP and 9% of employment. It is also increasingly profitable with a 17.9% rise in earnings from the sector between 2009 and 2010 (Ndivo et al 2012). Amongst African countries, Kenya is currently ranked 5th for international tourist visits, with approximately 1.5 million international tourists in 2008 (Bunyere et al. 2009). Because it has the potential to generate employment and prosperity, it has been given an increasingly important role in national socio-economic agendas, with a number of key policies and strategies created including the National Tourism Master Plan (Ministry of Tourism Kenya 2009), Tourism Policy (Government of Kenya 2010) and Tourism Bill 2005 (Ndivo et al 2012). Although there is potential to develop tourism around the country, historically interest has centred on the beac hes of the south coast, national parks and game reserves (Ndivo et al 2012). According to a survey conducted by the EU, 63% of EU visitors in Kenya chose coastal areas as their tourist destination (Kibicho 2004). Wildlife is also a popular attraction, with70% of the tourism earnings in Kenya coming from wildlife-based tourism (Bunyere et al, 2009). Given the critical importance of the tourism sector in Kenya, it is extremely vital to protect and conserve these significant resources. Indeed, conservation policies and collaborative schemes have been already been put in place. There is a large area of protected land, and 10% of Kenya’s land has been designated as national park and game reserve land (Akama et al., 2011). Critical biodiversity areas and the rich cultural coastal region form the flourishing tourism sector in Kenya. Although measures to protect Kenya’s ecology have been put in place, there are concerns over sustainability, and the country continues to experie nce accelerated decline and destruction of critical biodiversity areas. There has been a decline in wildlife population in national parks and game reserves at rates similar to non-protected areas, indicating the state’s inability to protect critical biodiversity (Akama et al., 2011). Moreover, coastal tourism which has for decades dominated has experienced a rapid decline in the recent years owing to the tribal clashes that have erupted (Cheung 2012). Kenya’s coastal tourism industry experienced a period of unprecedented dismal performance with 56% of the hotels closing in 2008 (Akama et al., 2011). Although much of the violence that occurred was tribal in nature, findings indicate that lack of community participation and involvement in tourism activities in the coast was a major factor contributing to these ethnic clashes. Had the local communities been involved in the tourism activities, such ethnic flare-ups would have been averted. The ethnic flare-ups, land use co nflict between local communities and wildlife managers, threats of extinction of species and the apparent inability of the state to protect critical biodiversity areas have led to a new realization of the importance of community based tourism in Kenya (Korir et al 2013). Considerable effort has now been made to provide support to CBT enterprises including donor funding. Further, a framework that gives impetus to successful and sustainable operations of CBT ventures has been linked into the overall national policy (Akama et al. 2011). History of Ugandan tourism sector and socio-economic contributions Tourism also has a role to play in the Ugandan economy. Similar to Kenya, main tourist products in Uganda are nature-based and are linked to wildlife game reserves, forest reserves and national parks. Other attractions include cultural heritage, community development, eco-tourism and faith-based tourism (Paul, 2004). The importance of involving the local communities in tourism activities is also evident in Uganda. Conflicts between the locals and the government have largely been due to their lack of involvement in planning and development activities. For example, after the establishment of Bwindi Impenetrable National Park in 1992, conflicts arose between the locals and the park. The conflicts that led to the burning up of 5% of the park by the local community was evidence enough that the park would not be protected without consent and local support (Mujuni et al. 2003). A collaborative management plan was however set up which promoted participation of the locals in park management and revenue sharing. As a result, conflict ended and the locals committed themselves to protecting and preserving the park. The experience showed the importance of local community involvement in tourism activities. Uganda used to be a key leader in tourism in the past. In the early, 1960s Uganda used to be the main tourism destination in East Africa(Frederic, 2011). However, the unpreced ented turmoil of the 1970’s and early 80’s led to a decline in the tourism industry (Paul, 2004). As a result, Uganda lost its position as a top tourist destination in East Africa to Kenya. However, the government that took over in the mid 80’s restored peace and stability (frederic, 2011). Since then, the sector has been steadily increasing despite lagging behind Kenya in terms of its contribution to GDP. Unlike in Kenya where tourism contributes around 10% of the GDP, Ugandan tourism industry is estimated to contribute 4% of the total GDP(Sanchez-Canizares, 2013). Nonetheless, there has been an increasing trend in tourism with the number of international tourist visits increasing from 468,000 in 2005 to over 940,000 in 2010 (Paul, 2004). Given that both countries are still developing, it is worthwhile to examine some of the similarities and differences between the two countries. Comparative analysis of community based tourism between Kenya and Uganda Similarit ies Socio-economic impact The two countries share certain things in common starting with the embracement and recognition of community based tourism as an important tool for reducing poverty. Both countries have embraced and given emphasis to development of community based tourism as an important tool for poverty reduction (Sanchez-Canizares, 2013). There are several community based tourism projects in both Kenya and Uganda. Some of the popular community based tourism projects in Kenya are: the Kimana Community Wildlife Sanctuary, Mwaluganje, Sera Conservancy and Kalacha Bandas in Marsabit among many other(Tang, 2013) Similarly, Ugandan ministry of tourism has laid emphasis on the importance of community based tourism in the country. The idea of community based conservation has become the focus of the industry. Perhaps this has been driven by the recognition of the benefits of involving the local community in tourism development including: poverty reduction, decline in conflicts with the ministry over land use d and reduced poaching activities (frederic, 2011) Some of the successful community based projects in Uganda include Lake Nkuruba Nature Sanctuary, Buhoma Community Restcamp, Mgahinga Community Campground, Busingiro and Kaniyo Pabidi community project, Ruboni Community Campground and Bigodi Wetland Sanctuary(Zeppel, 2006). Participation of the locals in these projects is high. For example, in Bigodi Wetland Sanctuary, the local people are involved in community-guided walks and bird watching tours (Zeppel 2006). Both countries seem to be embracing community tourism as an important tool for reducing poverty. Another similarity can be seen with the funding of these projects. Most of these projects are donor funded. Kenya is heavily reliant on donor funding. In fact, almost 100% of community based tourism development activities in Kenya is donor funded. For example, funds from USAID and World Bank were used to set up an electric fence around the Kimana Community Wildlife Sanctuary (Jona than et al. 2013). Mwaluganje, another community based tourism development activity, was established through donor funding. Sera Conservancy that was formed to empower the local Samburu communities in Kenya was established with funds from USAID. The EU has also played a major role in funding community based tourism development in Kenya. In 2000, a massive grant of 5.5 million Euros was released by the EU which saw the establishment of 16 community based tourism developments in Kenya (Ruhiu 2007). Other key players funding CBT in Kenya include international bodies such as the UNDP, conservation based NGOs such as AWF, Pact Kenya and WWF; and national agencies such as Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) and Kenya Forest Research Institute (KEFRI) (Jonathan et al. 2013). It is clear that donor funding has played a major role in the development of community based tourism in Kenya. The government’s role has merely been the provision of an enabling environment such as security, programme coordination and policy formulation (Ruhiu 2007). Similarly, Community Based Tourism Enterprises (CBTE’s) in Uganda rely predominantly on donor funding. The Mgahinga Bwindi community project was established with funds from the World BANK (Mujuni et al. 2003). Moreover, the two major associations Uganda Community Tourism Association (UCOTA) and (NACOBTA) in charge of promoting community based tourism in Uganda by providing loans and training to the local communities are predominantly donor funded. NACOBTA is 99% donor funded whereas UCOTA is 44.8% donor funded (Elisa et al., 2001) UCOTA empowers the local Ugandan communities to improve their livelihood through participating in sustainable tourism development activities. The association helps the local communities by aiding in the sale of handcrafts, providing accommodation, and tour guiding. Furthermore, both countries have witnessed improved livelihoods due to community based tourism activities. For example, the Mgahinga Bwindi Community Project in Uganda has improved the livelihoods of the locals living around Bwindi Impenetrable National Park. Many of the local population living nearby have been employed as park rangers and ‘porters’ (labourers). The community has also benefited through improved infrastructure including roads, education and health facilities. About 60% of the Mgahinga Bwindi Impenetrable Forest Conservation Trust has been devoted towards development of local community projects (Adams & Infield 2013). The local communities in Kenya have also benefited from employment and improved livelihoods. The locals living near Mwaluganje, Sera Conservancy and Kalacha Bandas in Marsabit have benefited from schools, clinics and boreholes which have been built by these projects (Ruhiu 2007). Further, pro-poor tourism have assisted women with bead making through provision of platform for selling their products. Whilst these benefits are encouraging, participation of the locals in both countries is still far from enough. Although some of the locals have managed to secure jobs and improve their livelihoods, most of them are paid low salaries, an equivalent of 30 pounds per month (Ruhiu 2007). This certainly doesn’t really improve their livelihood that much. In fact, critics have argued that community based tourism and tourism in general should not necessarily be relied on as a tool for poverty alleviation. According to them, tourism does not compete well with sectors such as agriculture whic h have higher potential of reducing poverty. Environment impact Also, community based tourism in both countries have led to positive impacts on the environment. For example, in Uganda, KAFRED has created awareness among the local communities bordering wetlands about the importance of protecting and preserving the environment (Adams & Infield 2013). This has led to a reduction in encroachment and eucalyptus planting in the wetlands. Further programs such as the National Wetlands Program and Semliki conservation project which have risen from CBT activities have established village by-laws governing the use of wetlands (Adams & Infield 2013). Environmental education has played a role in ensuring sustainability of tourism. Similarly, in Kenya, involvement of the local people in tourism activities has led to reduction in wildlife poaching and destruction of forests. Community wildlife and conservation ventures in Kenya have played a major role towards protecting the environment and preserving wildlife (Jonathan et al. 2013). Environment degradation ha s reduced and conservation measures strengthened with the help of the locals who are employed as park ranges and ‘porters’. Community based tourism and eco-tourism have led the way towards responsible travel with important environmental benefits. Differences Having highlighted the similarities, it is important to identify some of the differences in community based tourism between the two countries. One particular difference relates to the extent to which community based tourism is promoted. CBT in Uganda is only limited to areas within or along the forest reserves and national parks. Almost all of the community projects are within or along the forest reserves and national parks. For example, the Buhoma Community Restcamp is within the impenetrable Bwindi Forest national park. The Mgahinga Community Campground project lies next to Mgahinga Gorilla National Park (Zeppel 2006). Others including the Bigodi Wetland Sanctuary, Busingiro and Kaniyo community project and the Ruboni community campground are located along or near national parks and forest reserves (Zeppel 2006). Community based tourism activities in Uganda continue to be limited to areas lying within or along the national parks and forest reserves. This has been echoed by Industry operators who have highlighted ‘limited efforts to promoting community tourism at the national level’ as one of the main concern of tourism development in Uganda. In stark contrast, community based tourism is promoted at the national level as evident with the opening up of new areas of possibility such as sports tourism, eco tourism, adventure safaris, horse and camel safaris, walk tours, and cultural tourism among many others (Cobb 2006). Further, programs such as the Enterprise Development Program have been implemented across the country to build the local capacity and integrate communities into tourism development activities. Such programs ensure the mobilization of the community through seminars, debates, regional workshops and participatory trainings (Ruhiu 2007). Further the local communities are provided advisory services on product development and market access which helps strengthen growth of their enterprises (Cobb 2006). This has been driven by the realization of the potential of community based tourism to reduce poverty, and multiplier effects of the tourism sector as a whole in driving the economy. Perhaps another difference that can be pointed between CBT in Kenya and Uganda relates to the coastal attraction. While community based ecotourism ventures along the coastal region form the flourishing tourism sector in Kenya, Uganda being a landlocked country does not have any coastal attractions (Mulinda & Wilbert 2009). Coastal attraction features provides Kenya with an edge over Uganda(Wilbert, 2009). Beaches, sun-basking, the aquatic life at the coast and rich culture that includes performances, dances and the contemporary ways of living of the coastal people make it a popular tourist destination. Another difference is related to the marketing and promotion of CBT activities. Unlike Uganda, Kenya has invested more in marketing and promotion of tourism activities. For example, last year, Kenya budgeted $34 million dollars for tourism promotion and marketing. This is in stark contrast with Uganda’s budget of only $90,000 (UIA 2014). While this may be seen as impacting on development in the overall sector , community based enterprises are also affected in terms of the number of visits and revenues generated from sale of products. Uganda’s funding of the sector remains very low despite the potential of becoming a multi-billion sector. The slow pace of tourism in Uganda can be attributed to the lack of identity at the international level. While Kenya has promoted their visibility at the international level, Uganda is still lagging behind in terms of investing fully in promotion of tourism. While CBT in Kenya has grown much faster than Uganda, it has not developed as expected owing to many factors including in adequate funds for marketing and promoting tourism, transparency and governance issues, lack of marketing skills and absence of a system for ensuring equitable sharing of the opportunities and benefits accruing from tourism activities. For example, while Kenya’s budget for promotion of tourism may be $34 million, the Kenya Tourism Board receives only $6 million. Further, funding remains a major problem in both Kenya and Uganda. Given that these countries are still developing, there are very limited financial resources for supporting CBTEs. Even when these finances are incorporated in government budgets, they are often inadequate to support CBT developments (Ruhiu, 2007). As a result, community based tourism has often relied on foreign investment which may lead to the rise of neo-colonial structures discussed above as foreign investors seek control of tourism resources. Whereas Kenya may be ahead of Uganda in terms of pro-tourism development, it is still far from being developed as it is still prone to failures resulting from limited funding, poor infrastructure development, lack of formal education, political influences and inadequate representation of the locals. CBT in Kenya still remains very low with lack of local representation in the workforce. While the industry may boast of over 500,000 jobs, the employment opportunities remain inequitably distributed (Cheung 2012). Most of the local communities are missing out on employment opportunities as these are being taken over by the outside workforce. According to a survey conducted by Bruyere et al. (2009), 64% of the local community members found the employment opportunities to be insufficient. Kenya’s community based approach to tourism development is still largely skewed to the interest of tourism (hotels, hospitality and service) with limited representation of the locals. There are also political considerations to take into account. For example, a neo-colonial structure has emerged within the industry as some foreign investors seek control of tourism resources. (Cheung 2012). This has resulted in social and political disempowerment of the locals as neo-colonial structures have made it increasingly difficult for them to participate in the planning and decision making process. Although there exist more opportunities for local entrepreneurs to invest in the industry compared to Uganda especially given the ongoing development agenda that encourages of the growth SMEs, a divide of power continues to disengage and disempower the local communities. The majority of Kenyans continue to live below the poverty line with the highest incidence of poverty occurring in tourist destination areas. 5. Conclusion The above has looked at the notion of CBT with particular reference to the situation in Kenya and Uganda. From the analysis, both countries seem to share certain commonalities and differences as well. For example, community based tourism is embraced in both countries and recognized as an important tool for reducing poverty. Also, both countries are heavily reliant on donor funding. Moreover, the locals in both countries have experienced improvement in their livelihoods through employment opportunities, and access to school and health facilities. Further, Pro-poor tourism has assisted women with bead making through provision of platform for selling products. Both countries have also seen improvement in their environments which has resulted due to community development projects and conservation ventures. In Uganda, programs such as the National Wetlands Program and Semliki conservation project have established village by-laws governing the use of wetlands. Community wildlife and conser vation ventures in Kenya have played a major role towards protecting the environment and preserving wildlife. There are also sharp differences in CBT developments in both countries. For example, community based tourism activities in Uganda are limited to areas lying within or along the national parks and forest reserves. In stark contrast, community based tourism in Kenya is promoted at the national level as evident with the opening up of new areas of possibility such as sports tourism, eco tourism, adventure safaris, horse and camel safaris, walk tours, and cultural tourism. Another difference is that Uganda being a landlocked country does not have coastal attractions. On the other hand, beaches, sun-basking, the aquatic life at the Kenyan coast and rich culture that includes performances, dances and the contemporary ways of living of the coastal people make it a popular tourist destination. Additionally, Kenya has invested more in marketing and promotion of tourism activities comp ared to Uganda. While Kenya has promoted their visibility at the international level, Uganda is still lagging behind in terms of investing fully in promotion of tourism. While CBT in Kenya has grown much faster than Uganda, it has not developed as expected owing to many factors including in adequate funds for marketing and promoting tourism, transparency and governance issues, lack of marketing skills and absence of a system for ensuring equitable sharing of the opportunities and benefits accruing from tourism activities. Nonetheless, the future of tourism in both these two countries lies in community based tourism. The potential of CBT to reduce poverty and make the sector sustainable is enormous. Not only can CBT help in enhancing biodiversity conservation but it can also generate income and bring economic growth to the local communities. 6. References Adams, W. and Infield, M. 2013. Community conservation at mgahinga gorilla national park, uganda. Institute for Development Policy and Management, Manchester. Akama, J. and Starry, P., 2000. Cultural tourism in Africa: strategies for new millennium.Africa International Conference, Mombasa, Kenya. 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